The constant shrinking and swelling causes a lot of pressure and stress on the foundation. Im beginning to do earthwork calculations for site work. If you require a specific stripping depth, please provide it. It should be noted for the first procedure that the estimation of cr ratio and soil 1 2 swellshrink factor 1. Dots do not use swell factors or a result of the shrink factor s applied to state earthwork calculations different dots use different factors depending on soil type. If the resultant depth is positive then this is a fill cell, while a negative value indicates a cut cell. Alternate sections would be treated as end areas, separated by a distance 2d and the volume. You can use these swell and load factors to plug into the equations above. The problem with shrinkswell soil is how it affects the foundation of your house. Application rates and unit weights used for estimating purposes list of estimated.
There are several cost effective and easy things that can be done to soil to minimize the effects of shrinkswell on the foundation. The cut or fill depth for each cell is found by subtracting the average existing level of the cell from the average proposed level. Crosssections are vertical profiles taken at right angles to the survey centerline. Fuzzy decision support system to determine swell shrink factor 65 limit test results. Construction schedulescflhd construction schedule guidelines guidelines to use while developing cpm schedulesproduction rate spreadsheet approximate range of production rates typical for cflhd workcfl. Shrink and swell factors using data furnished by the geotechnical unit, the designer must check the characteristics of the material to be excavated or placed in embankments. Shrinkswell factors for earthwork calculations civil. Volume calculation software free download volume calculation top 4 download offers free software downloads for windows, mac, ios and android computers and mobile devices. Geotechnical technical guidance manual may 2007 introduction 11 section 1 introduction this geotechnical technical guidance manual tgm provides technical guidance for geotechnical work performed by the federal lands highway flh. Cf the compaction shrink or swell factor for the material on the project mass diagram calculations. Calculates earthwork quantities using average end area method or a modified prismatic method. Management conditions equipment conditions and maintenance practices skills of work force and management planning, supervision and. Earthwork calculation software software free download earthwork calculation software top 4 download offers free software downloads for windows, mac, ios and android computers and mobile devices.
A geotechnical engineer or engineering service can use tests on soil bearings from the site to determine the ultimate bearing capacity, q u. Embankment the placement and compaction of layers of earth or rock to form a roadbed of the planned shape, density, and profile grade. Section 303 earthwork design wyoming department of. If the 200 cubic yards of material had a shrink percentage of 10 and you would need to grade or back fill an area with a volume of 90 cubic yards then you would need to keep 100 cubic yards in bank. Submit project dirtwork takeoffs, earthwork takeoffs dirt. Shrink and swell factors definitions of shrink and swell factors and how they affect earthwork calculations. This information leads directly to the engineers estimate, which combines the computed quantities of work and the estimated unit bid prices. Constructionwork estimate of excavated bank soil with swell.
The amount of certain clay minerals that are present, such as montmorillonite and smectite, directly affects the shrinkswell capacity of soil. This is much easier to remember and can save some valuable time on these easy problems that will be better used on harder and longer problems. Excavation handbook 1988 newused copies available on amazon this comprehensive and detailed earthwork tome 1,024 pages includes sections on the geology of excavated materials, earthmoving methods, equipment and production, manual volume calculation methods not much used today, shrinkswell factors, and bid preparation. In either case, the volume is calculated by multiplying the cut of fill depth by the area of the grid cell. The shrinkage and swelling factors have a wide range for soils which are typical in the southeastern united states. Im performing the calculations on terramodel and i was wondering about shrinkswell factors. Cutting is the process of excavating earth material from a work location to achieve the desired topography. Some relationships between shrinkswell index, liquid limit, plasticity index, activity and free swell index article pdf available in australian geomechanics journal 382. Shrink swell adjustments fill factors can be entered with report regions see page 170 and balance regions see day 3 seminar handbook to adjust for cuttofill shrink swell but some agtek users dont enter them because they prefer to make their own shrink swell adjustments in a spreadsheet or on paper. These estimates are based on the shrink swell index i ss. Earthwork shrinkage calculation shrinkage factor calculations in earthwork projects constitute a major source of misunderstanding between road contractors and the departments of transportation.
The presence of water can cause soils to swell or shrink and freeze and thaw, which causes heaving. While using the grid volume method for producing cut and fills we wanted to include the volume correction factor of 0. Conveyors maximum inclination maximum conveyor slopes for various materials. Ive know some engineers who dont understand the concepts of soil swell and shrinkage. A soil decreases in volume when it is compacted shrinkage % 1 x 100 shrinkage factor 1 shrinkage compacted volume bank volume x shrinkage factor approximate material characteristics exact values will vary with grain size, moisture content, compaction, etc. Sep 26, 20 swell is expressed as a percentage of natural volume, for example, if 10 yd 3 in the ground becomes yd 3 after excavation, the swell factor is 30%. Submit project dirtwork takeoffs, earthwork takeoffs. Fissures or fault lines can cause seismic instabilities. Excavation and embankment cut and fill excavation the removal of soil or rock from its natural location. Volumes are calculated using 3d triangulation models, the most accurate way to estimate. If the foundation is not properly designedconstructed to handle it, then it will crack. The geotechnical report usually defines where these areas are located. Earthwork construction is the excavation, hauling, placing, and compaction of soil, gravel, or.
Miscellaneous engineering related topics like beaufort wind scale, cemarking, drawing standards and more. The shrink percentage of the soil is useful for determining the amount of material that you need to keep on site for grading and back filling. Definition and overview of how to calculate swell of various soils and. In this video, i want to show you how to calculate the amount of spoil that will need to excavate if we were to level our building site to a given reduced level using the grid method. Also supports shrinkswell factors and export to pdf or excel. The excavation used for embankments will range from rock to earth and have shrinkswell factors assigned for design purposes. Engineering correlations for the characterisation of. Shrink swell factors for earthwork calculations eric1037 geotechnical 15 jan 07 12. This document, the associated hardware, software, drawings, and other material set. Chapter sixtyfour quantity computations in addition to preparing clear and concise plans, as described in chapter 63, the designer needs to compile an accurate summary of the project quantities. Swell is expressed as a percentage of natural volume, for example, if 10 yd 3 in the ground becomes yd 3 after excavation, the swell factor is 30%. The shrinkage factor is used to estimate changes in earthwork volumes as soil materials are excavated from borrow pits, placed and compacted in fills or.
If the engineer calculates quantities, hell give the numbers in cubic yards, but wont specify what types of cubic yards are being presented. Swell factor and shrinkage factor free download as powerpoint presentation. Swell factor problems for your general contractors exam. Where 100% represents the original volume, and shrinkage % represents the decrease in volume if compacted when placed. Soil and rock expansion or swell after mining engineering toolbox resources, tools and basic information for engineering and design of technical applications. Sep 06, 2017 the cut or fill depth for each cell is found by subtracting the average existing level of the cell from the average proposed level. Excavation and embankment cut and fill civil engineering. The aim of using two different procedures with different parameters is to present a choice to the decisionmaker in accordance with the data at hand. Earthwork modeling stepbystep shrinkswell adjustments. Dots do not use swell factors or a result of the shrink factors applied to state earthwork calculations different dots use different factors depending on soil type.
There can be a 5 foot section of it in one corner of your yard and 10 feet away it can be fine. Engineering correlations for the characterisation of reactive soil behaviour for use in road design. Some of these services are applying shrink and swell factors, creating special surfaces such as bore logs for rock layers, preloading buildings, vault excavation, backfill and utilities. Swell % 1 x 100 load factor bank volume loose volume x load factor shrinkage.
These are just general calculations to give you an idea to help push you in the right direction. Shrinkswell adjustments earthwork software services. It provides guidance for understanding and applying policies, standards and criteria in recognition of the need to. A foundation is defined as the engineered interface between the earth and the structure it supports. Earth is especially well suited for road construction projects. Construction work estimate of excavated bank soil with swell. Upon request we can apply shrink and swell factors, create special surfaces such as bore logs for rock layers, preload buildings, pickup vault over excavation and back fill. The change from bank to loose volume is the swell of the excavated material the change from bank to compacted is the shrink of the excavated material bankswellloose bankshrinkcompacted if you need to remove the excavated material it would help to know the swell percentage for the soil you are excavating. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. How are these shrinkswell factors incorporated into the modeling. Instead, they depend on the earthwork estimator to do it.
Visualizations are used to verify quantities and present findings with commands such as 3d drive simulation, 3d drawing viewer, 3d surface viewer, quick profile, cutfill color map and cutfill contours with daylight lines. It should be noted for the first procedure that the estimation of cr ratio and soil 1 2 swell shrink factor 1. The excavation used for embankments will range from rock to earth and have shrink swell factors assigned for design purposes. Oct 08, 2018 in this video, i want to show you how to calculate the amount of spoil that will need to excavate if we were to level our building site to a given reduced level using the grid method. Earth work calculation this forum is for helping with excel problems, it isnt a source of free software for professional bodies. Earth software earthwork cut and fill calculation, grading and. Shrinkage is the decrease in volume of earth once its been replaced and compacted compared to the volume of dirt in its natural state its not compared with the swell volume. Soil with a high shrinkswell capacity is problematic and is known as shrinkswell soil, or expansive soil. Excavation handbook 1988 newused copies available on amazon this comprehensive and detailed earthwork tome 1,024 pages includes sections on the geology of excavated materials, earthmoving methods, equipment and production, manual volume calculation methods not much used today, shrink swell factors, and bid preparation. The shrink factor will make the insitu volume smaller, so it will be less than 1. The spreadsheet in exhibit 5 illustrates how the associated end areas and earthwork volumes are applied to calculate the mass. Cflhd construction schedule template microsoft project template for cflhd work. A cubic yard of earth measured in its natural position swells to more than a cubic yard after it is excavated.
These methods are meant to get you as close to the real thing as. From the values in this research, typical ranges for general. Job conditions material type water level and moisture content job size length of haul haul road condition accessibility and load restrictions productivity factors cont. Earth software demonstrations earthwork cut and fill. Application of shrinkage and swelling factors on state. The shrinkage and bulkage factors for soils used in typical florida department of transportation fdot construction projects influence the initial and final estimate.
Fill factors can be entered with report regions see page 170 and balance regions see day 3. Put a workbook together that shows your needs and we might be able to help you with some areas that you are stuck with. Sandy material will shrink and rocky material will swell. The shrinkswell index of clay refers to the extent certain clay minerals will expand when wet and retract when dry. Earthwork calculation software software free download. The shrink swell test is a simple test that is routinely employed in australian geotechnical engineering practice to assess quantita tiv ely the expansiv e potential of undisturbed or remolded.
If you require additional services, please provide the details in advance. Site balence of cut and fill francesca civilenvironmental 17 jan 08 11. Top 4 download periodically updates software information of earthwork calculation software full versions from the publishers, but some information may be slightly outofdate using warez version, crack, warez passwords, patches, serial numbers, registration codes, key generator, pirate key, keymaker or keygen for earthwork calculation software license key is illegal. Earlier only auto levels were used, whereas now total station, gps, lidar are being used to take ground reading. Also supports shrink swell factors and export to pdf or excel. But volumetric calculations done by software still have to presented in understandable manner even while getting different results from different software products. In real life scenarios, you can only estimate, so there is no perfect answer. Shrink and swell factors are determined by the soils design section and provided to the designer.
Construction site earthwork calculation with advancement of technology there is a lot of progress in the way we take ground reading. Estimating excavation revised craftsman book company. When caluclating the cut and fill with the factor it seems to work incorrectly. Pdf some relationships between shrinkswell index, liquid. Production rate spreadsheet approximate range of production rates typical for cflhd work. Site balence of cut and fill earthworkgrading engineering. Normally, various soil types are encountered when constructing projects potentially resulting in varying shrink or sell factors. A cubic yard of earth measured in its natural position swells to more. Cflhd construction schedule guidelines guidelines to use while developing cpm schedules. The existing stripping and demolition surfaces can be applied too and are broken out separately on our report.
Subtotals are typically required for defining areas of excavationembankment and subsequent placement at the bottom of the planprofile sheets. Densities of common materials densities of common products in both imperial and siunits. The following table lists swell factors for various engineering materials. Fuzzy decision support system to determine swellshrink factor 65 limit test results. Determine footing size these calculations are based on working loads and the allowable. A foundation is defined as the engineered interface between the earth and the structure it. Various sections of a roadway design will require bringing in earth.
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